Kidney cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer in the United States. Cancer staging classifies the progression of the disease from the earliest stage (I) to the most advanced stage (IV). Most cancer types, including kidney cancer, are best diagnosed and treated during the earliest stages. Early diagnosis and treatment give the patient a higher chance of remission and recovery. So, what do stage I to IV cancer results indicate when doctors print them on tests and hospital paperwork? Here’s what you should know about understanding kidney cancer staging.
Understanding Kidney Cancer Staging
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, describing approximately 90% of kidney cancers diagnosed every year. According to the Mayo Clinic, a kidney cancer diagnosis begins with any present signs of cancer in tests. Specific tests can include:
- Testing for specific markers in blood or urine
- Conducting imaging scans to identify potential tumors
Most kidney cancers can be treated with successful results. Cases diagnosed in the early stages of kidney cancer have a higher rate of successful recovery. For this reason, people are encouraged to see their doctors often.
Kidney cancers can affect both men and women. Kidney cancer can occur in people of all ages. If you notice any unusual symptoms or health changes, consult your doctor for an evaluation.
Understanding Kidney Cancer Staging
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) develops and maintains the cancer staging system. The standard TNM system, created in Paris in the 1950s and 1960s, describes the measured progression of cancer and tumors. This standard helps doctors, radiologists, and patients worldwide stay on the same page when discussing their condition.
The staging system helps diagnose and guide the treatment of various types of cancer, including kidney (renal) cancer. The TNM system for cancer staging measures three individual factors:
- T (Tumor) - Assesses the size of the tumor and its spread
- N (Nodes) - Shows whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes
- M (Metastasis) - Indicates whether cancer has spread to distant organs or tissues, such as the lungs, bones, or liver
Stage I cancer means it’s usually in its earliest stages. Treatment is more manageable, and there is a higher success rate. Stage IV cancer indicates significant progression, often metastasizing to distant parts of the body.
Stages I to IV
The standardized staging system is used for cancer diagnosis and case assessment. According to the American Cancer Association, it is crucial for kidney cancer detection and treatment.
Stage I cancer shows the earliest symptoms and has not yet progressed further. When treated during this stage, there is a more likely recovery rate. However, certain aggressive cancer types or ones that have gone undiagnosed and untreated are likely to progress.
The stage system measures progression. As cancer progresses to Stages II and III, treatment typically becomes more aggressive to effectively target the disease.
Stage IV cancer is advanced kidney cancer. At this stage, cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes, into the adrenal gland, and to other parts of the body. In advanced cases, cancer can extend into the renal veins and vena cava, with some tumors invading blood vessels and forming larger masses. It requires aggressive, immediate treatment that could mean chemotherapy or surgery.
Most cancer types are more easily treated in their early stages. People should schedule regular health check-ups, especially if they experience persistent or concerning symptoms.
Early Renal Cancer Signs
People are encouraged to go for regular health checks, particularly about potential changes in their immediate health or symptoms that stay. Some people may have an increased risk of cancer, especially if there’s anything in their family’s medical history. Early signs of renal cancer can include:
- Pain in the lower back
- Difficulty urinating
- Changes in urinary frequency
The kidneys perform essential functions, acting as filters and producing vital hormones. When under strain, individuals may notice certain symptoms.
Dehydration and alcohol consumption can temporarily strain the kidneys, causing short-term discomfort. However, with renal cancer, these symptoms persist, recur, or worsen over time.
Renal cancer may also cause urine discoloration, typically appearing darker. In some cases, blood will be present in the urine. Renal cancer can also manifest through symptoms such as fatigue and night sweats.
ADULT PEDIATRIC UROLOGY & UROGYNECOLOGY
The attentive, compassionate physicians, providers, and staff at Adult Pediatric Urology & Urogynecology are committed to providing innovative, quality patient care in our state-of-the-art facility.
From screening and prevention to treatment and recovery, our health professionals will be there for you. Our team of dedicated physicians has been serving residents of Nebraska, Iowa, and South Dakota for more than 25 years.